Exceptions versus NSError
“NSError, ugly though it is, actually seems to be a pretty good system for managing and propagating errors generated by different layers of code and even different languages.”
When I first read that, I was taken aback. The way Cocoa uses NSError is almost exactly like exceptions, but with no language support. Instead of getting a return value OR an exception when calling a function, you need to declare storage for both the return value AND the error. With NSError, the return value must also be of a type with “room” for an invalid flag, like a pointer that can be nil or a “succeeded” boolean that can be false. As if the lack of tuples in C wasn’t occasionally frustrating enough, now even many structures must be returned by reference rather than value just because they weren’t able to convey the “failed, check error” message. Even generating an NSError is a pain, and handing a lower one up the stack isn’t much more fun.
But in the end I think Michael is right. In pure C++, where idiomatic code leads to the stack itself doing most of the memory management, exceptions are great. I’d expect similar benefits in completely garbage collected languages as well. Cocoa on the other hand is such a mixed bag: reference counting with varying amounts of autorelease, or garbage collected; with C API usage encouraged, C++ contamination allowed (and fairly well supported as of Leopard). Then factor in the growing trend of bridging Cocoa into other languages. Having to bubble up errors through an ugly old explicit error mechanism starts to look a bit more appealing.